AUV system architecture

Our Research

Research, design and technical documentation

Download core technical documents and explore our team's design work, system diagrams and assembly videos that power Hangor's development.

Documents

Technical resources.

Hangor 2.0 Technical Design Report

Competition strategy, vehicle specifications, mechanical improvements, software stack, testing strategy and appendices.

Download DOCX

Electrical Strategy

Electrical reliability strategy, power distribution, kill switch architecture, rail regulation, telemetry and testing phases.

Download DOCX

System Design 2026

System-level architecture diagrams connecting compute, sensors, power, mechanical modules and mission hardware.

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Design Assembly

Design assembly animation

Watch a concise assembly walkthrough showcasing Hangor 2.0's mechanical modules, connector placements and integration flow — ideal for engineers and partners.

Visual Architecture

Hardware and subsystem diagrams.

Use these diagrams on the website to explain how the AUV connects vision, sensing, compute, power, thrusters and external tools.

AUV system design diagram

Hydrodynamic Design

Hull optimization and fluid dynamics

Hangor vehicles are designed using advanced hydrodynamic principles to minimize drag and maximize maneuverability in complex underwater environments.

Ogive Bow Design

The ogive nose cone geometry reduces frontal drag and improves pressure distribution across the vehicle envelope. This streamlined profile allows sustained forward speeds while maintaining directional stability in currents and confined spaces.

  • Optimized pressure coefficient distribution
  • Reduced hydrodynamic drag coefficient (< 0.12)
  • Enhanced low-speed maneuverability
  • Improved buoyancy center alignment

Hull Form Factor

Comparative analysis between cylindrical, torpedo, and ogive profiles demonstrates superior efficiency of our ogive design across Reynolds number ranges relevant to AUV operation (10^5 to 10^6). Pressure recovery zones minimize flow separation and vortex-induced vibration.

  • CFD-validated streamline analysis
  • Form drag reduction by 18% vs. cylindrical
  • Wake characteristics optimized for thruster integration
  • Stress distribution modeling complete

Performance & Specifications

Hangor platform capabilities matrix

Hangor 1.0 Performance

  • Mass: 14 kg in air, 2 kg neutrally buoyant
  • Dimensions: 780 mm L × 520 mm W × 380 mm H
  • Max Depth: 100 m (rated), 150 m (tested)
  • Endurance: 2–4 hours at cruise
  • Max Speed: 1.5 m/s forward
  • Propulsion: 8 × BlueRobotics T200 thrusters
  • Power: 6S 5000 mAh LiPo (18.5 V nominal)

Hangor 2.0 Performance

  • Mass: 35 kg in air, 0.5 kg neutrally buoyant
  • Dimensions: 950 mm L × 620 mm W × 450 mm H
  • Max Depth: 200 m (rated), 300 m (tested)
  • Endurance: 4–6 hours at cruise
  • Max Speed: 1.5 m/s forward, 0.8 m/s strafe
  • Propulsion: 8 × BlueRobotics T500 thrusters + manipulator
  • Power: Dual 6S 18650 battery packs (hot-swappable)

Mechanical Architecture

Modular design and integration strategy

Hangor 2.0 labeled subsystems

Subsystem Integration

Hangor vehicles are built around a modular frame architecture that isolates mechanical, electrical, and sensor subsystems. This approach enables rapid prototyping, easier maintenance, and flexible payload integration without redesigning the core structure.

Key Design Features

  • Pressure hull: Aluminum 6061-T6 with sacrificial anode protection
  • Frame: Titanium Grade 2 backbone with polymer mounting brackets
  • Connectors: SubConn MCBH wet-matable 8-pin for sensor integration
  • Payload bay: 3 kg spare mass budget, user-accessible
  • Thruster layout: Vectored 8-DOF for omni-directional control
  • Sealing: Multi-stage O-ring design, pressure-tested annually

Software & Autonomy

ROS2-based mission planning and control

Autonomy Stack

Hangor vehicles run a modular ROS2 autonomy stack built on the Navigation2 framework, enabling waypoint following, obstacle avoidance, dynamic task prioritization, and real-time telemetry streaming.

  • VectorNav VN-300 dual GNSS/INS for surface-relative positioning
  • Pressure sensor fusion for depth-hold and trim stability
  • BlueRobotics Ping360 scanning sonar for obstacle detection
  • YOLO-based visual perception for target tracking
  • Behavior tree task planning for mission sequencing
  • Model Predictive Control (MPC) for vehicle dynamics

Testing & Validation

All software changes undergo simulation-in-the-loop testing before deployment. We maintain a high-fidelity Gazebo simulation environment that models hydrodynamics, sensor noise, and communication latency.

  • SITL (Software-In-The-Loop) via Gazebo 11
  • Pool testing protocols for each mission type
  • Telemetry logging and post-mission analysis
  • Continuous integration testing on every commit
  • Annual reliability audits and field validation
  • Competition scenario rehearsals

Research Applications

Use cases and collaborative research

Marine Biology

Deploy to 200+ meters for coral reef mapping, fish behavior studies, and bioluminescence surveys. Custom camera payload options and stable hovering enable long observation windows.

Structural Inspection

Inspect bridge pilings, submerged pipelines, and offshore infrastructure with precision hovering and high-resolution sonar. Generate 3D point clouds and HD video for engineering review.

Underwater Archaeology

Map and document shipwrecks and archaeological sites. Payload-agnostic design allows integration of magnetometers, ground-penetrating sonar, and custom sampling equipment.

Environmental Monitoring

Autonomous sampling missions for water quality analysis, temperature profiling, and pollution source tracking. Multi-day deployments with solar charging capability.